摘要

公司有人权吗？本文以《欧洲人权公约》和欧洲人权法院（ECtHR）的判例为重点，讨论了迄今为止公司与人权辩论中一个相当少见的问题：公司是否以及在何种程度上可以成为人权的承载者。简言之，本文认为随后所谓的“个人主义方法”——即声称公司形式本身不能承载人权——会反直觉地导致公司几乎不受约束的人权权利。因此，本文对既有的公司法思想以及人权学术界的主流观点进行了批判。相反，本文认为，认真对待公司形式，并根据功能主义理论在一定程度上给予它一些权利，是一种从理论上、学说上和实践上更可取的方法。本文借鉴欧洲人权法院判例法、普通法以及公司法理论和比较宪法来证实其论点。

英文摘要

Corporate Human Rights?

Do corporations have human rights? This article addresses, to date, a rather understudied issue of the corporations and human rights debate: whether and to what extent corporations can be bearers of human rights, with a focus on the European Convention on Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) jurisprudence. In a nutshell, it argues that what subsequently will be called ‘the individualistic approach’ – that is, purporting that the corporate form itself cannot be bearer of human rights – counter-intuitively leads to almost unfettered human rights entitlements of corporations. Thereby, this article provides a critique of both established corporate law thinking as well as the dominant view in human rights scholarship. Instead, it is submitted that taking the corporate form seriously and granting it some entitlements to some extent under a functionalist theory emerges as the preferable approach – theoretically, doctrinally and practically. The article draws on ECtHR jurisprudence, general legal as well as corporate law theory and comparative constitutional law in order to corroborate its argument.

论文信息

作者：Andreas Kulick

期刊：European Journal Of International Law Issue Vol. 32 (2021) No. 2

网址：http://ejil.org/article.php?article=3161&issue=156